远场合成孔径计算光学成像技术：文献综述与最新进展

传统光学成像实质上是目标场景的光强信号在空间维度上的直接均匀采样记录与再现的过程。因此，其成像分辨率与信息量不可避免地受到光学衍射极限、成像系统空间带宽积等若干物理条件制约。如何突破这些物理制约，获得更高分辨率、更宽广的图像信息，一直是该领域的永恒课题。计算光学成像通过前端光学调控与后端信号处理相结合，为突破成像系统的衍射极限限制，实现超分辨成像提供了新思路。本文综述了基于计算光学合成孔径成像实现成像分辨率的提升以及空间带宽积拓展的相关研究工作，主要包括基于相干主动合成孔径成像与非相干被动合成孔径成像的基础理论及关键技术。本文进一步揭示了当前“非相干、无源被动、超衍射极限”成像的迫切需求及其现阶段存在的瓶颈问题，并展望了今后的研究方向以及解决这些问题可能的技术途径。

Far-field computational optical imaging techniques based on synthetic aperture: a review

Conventional optical imaging is essentially a process of recording and reproducing the intensity signal of a scene in the spatial dimension with direct uniform sampling. Therefore, the resolution and information content of imaging are inevitably constrained by several physical limitations, such as optical diffraction limit and spatial bandwidth product of the imaging system. How to break these physical limitations and obtain higher resolution and broader image field of view has been an eternal topic in this field. Computational optical imaging, by combining front-end optical modulation with back-end signal processing, offers a new approach to surpassing the diffraction limit of imaging systems and realizing super-resolution imaging. In this paper, we introduce the relevant research efforts on improving imaging resolution and expanding the spatial bandwidth product through computational optical synthetic aperture imaging, including the basic theory and technologies based on coherent active synthetic aperture imaging and incoherent passive synthetic aperture imaging. Furthermore, this paper reveals the pressing demand for "incoherent, passive, and beyond-diffraction-limit" imaging, identifies the bottlenecks, and provides an outlook on future research directions and potential technical approaches to address these challenges.