我国废弃矿山生态修复研究

通过开展黄河中游地区神木市重要生产煤矿山土壤环境调查，借助富集因子法和潜在生态危害指数法，对矿山土壤重金属元素含量与空间分布特征进行研究，结果表明：①研究区仅Ni元素变异系数在50%以上，Cd、Hg、Ni元素平均值分别高于中国土壤背景值与陕西土壤背景值，土壤中各重金属元素含量均未超过标准值；研究区Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn元素分布基本呈现北高南低的特征，高值区主要分布在北部；②研究区重金属元素富集程度依次为Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn＞As＞Ni，潜在生态风险大小顺序为Hg＞Cd＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn；综合潜在生态风险为中等危害，除Hg、Cd外，其余6种重金属元素生态风险危害较低。研究结果可为贯彻落实生产、在建矿山生态保护修复工作、支撑黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供有效参考。

The analysis and evaluation on the features of the heavy metals in coal mining soil in the middle reaches of the Yellow River

Based on the investigation of the soil environments in the important coal mines in Shenmu City which locates in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the contents and spatial distribution features of the heavy metals in the soil were studied by means of the enrichment factor method and the potential ecological hazard index method. The results are as follows: ①Only the variation coefficient of Ni element is above 50% in the area under study; the average values of Cd, Hg and Ni are higher than those of the soil background value of China and Shaanxi respectively; the heavy metals in the soil do not exceed the standard value; the distribution of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn elements in the area under study is generally high in the north and low in the south, and the high values are mainly distributed in the north.②The enrichment degree of heavy metals in the area under study is Hg > Cd > Pb > Cr > Zn > As > Ni, and the potential ecological risk is Hg > Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn; the comprehensive potential ecological risk is moderate, except Hg and Cd, the ecological risk of the other six heavy metals is low. The research results can provide effective reference for carrying out production, ecological protection and restoration of mines under construction, and supporting ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.