薯类蛋白对人体健康的影响及作用机制研究进展

薯类作物又称根茎类作物,主要包括甘薯、马铃薯、木薯等。薯类作物富含淀粉,是目前我国食品工业中提取淀粉的重要原料之一。在提取淀粉的过程中,大量的薯类可溶性蛋白质流失到工艺废水中,如果直接排放,就会造成严重的水污染,是亟待开发利用的一大天然食物蛋白质资源。近年来,许多学者对马铃薯、甘薯等薯类蛋白的理化特性、营养价值及保健功能进行了研究,发现这些薯类蛋白不仅具有优良的理化和功能特性,可以作为天然食品添加剂在食品工业中发挥重要作用,还具有不错的营养价值和多种特殊生物活性,可以在改进营养及预防和治疗某些疾病方面发挥有益作用。本文将从对人体健康的影响角度出发,重点介绍各种主要的薯类蛋白的营养价值及生物活性,并对它们的作用机制进行分析。

Research progress on the effects of proteins from tuberous crops on human health and the underlying mechanisms

Abstract: Tuberous crops, also known as rhizome crops, mainly include sweet potato, potato, cassava, and so on. Because the main component of tuberous crops is starch, they are now widely used as raw materials for the food industry to extract starch. However, in the process of starch isolating, a large amount of soluble proteins from tuberous crops were leached out into the waste water. If discharged directly, it will lead to severe water pollution. So it is very urgent to find a way to utilize the potential value of these natural food proteins. In recent years, Many scholars have found that a variety of the proteins from tuberous crops not only have excellent physical and chemical properties as well asfunctional properties and can be used as natural food additives in the food industry, but also have a good nutritional value and a variety of special biological activities, so that they can play a useful role in the improvement of nutritional status as well asthe prevention and treatment of some diseases. In this review, the nutritional value and biological activities of various major proteins from tuberous crops were introduced from the perspective of their impact on human health. Their mechanisms of action were analyzed subsequently.