核壳乳液聚合制备阳离子型含氟苯丙乳液的研究

目的合成出一种用于棉织物整理的阳离子型含氟苯丙乳液。方法选用全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯(PFEA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(ST)及N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(N-MA)等5种单体为原料,以2,2-偶氮二(2-甲基丙基咪)二盐酸盐为引发剂,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法合成了一种阳离子型含氟苯丙乳液。通过FT-IR、GPC、DSC及激光粒度仪对共聚乳液进行了表征。结果由于有机氟链段的自趋表能力,导致乳胶膜的疏水性随核壳比例的变化很小,但玻璃化温度Tg会因硬单体含量的增加而略有上升。同时,引发剂用量的增加会提高单体转化率,降低凝胶率,增大其质均分子量。FT-IR测试表明,聚合物中成功地引入了氟碳基团及其他官能团,激光粒度仪测得乳液的平均粒径为0.196?m,分布较窄。SEM显示经过整理后的棉织物表面较光滑平整,通过测定评级,防水达到95分,拒油达到6级,效果良好。结论核壳乳液聚合制备阳离子型含氟苯丙乳液反应过程平稳,将其用于纯棉织物的整理可使织物表面获得优异的防水拒油性能。

Preparation of Cationic Fluorinated Poly-styrene-acrylic Latex by Core-Shell Emulsion Polymerization

The work aims to synthesize a cationic fluorinated poly-styrene-acrylic latex, which can be used in cotton fabric finishing. With 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride as initiator, cationic fluorinated poly-styrene-acrylic latex was synthesized from perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene and n-hydroxymethyl acryla-mide by semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization . The final copolymerization emulsion was characterized with FT-IR, GPC, DSC and LPSA. Hydrophobicity of the latex film varied slightly with core-shell ratio since organo-fluorine chain segment could automatically migrate to the surface. However, its glass transition temperature rose slightly with the increase of hard mo-nomer content. In addition, as initiator dosage increased, monomer conversion rate and weight-average molecular weight in-creased, and coagulation rate decreased. The FT-IR test showed that fluorocarbon group and other functional groups were suc-cessfully incorporated into copolymers. Furthermore, average diameter of narrowly distributed emulsion measured by laser par-ticle analyzer was 0.196μm. The finished cotton fabric had a smooth and flat surface, and was tested to show 95 points in wa-ter-proofing and grade 6 in oil-repellency. Reaction process of cationic fluorinated poly-styrene-acrylic latex prepared by core-shell emulsion polymerization is stable. After being processed with it, the cotton fabric surface exhibits excellent water- proof and oil-repellent properties.