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Influence of Al2O3 on the performance of CeO2 used as catalyst in the direct carboxylation of methanol to dimethylcarbonate and the elucidation of the reaction mechanism
Authors:Michele Aresta  Angela Dibenedetto  Carlo Pastore  Antonella Angelini  Brunella Aresta  Imre Pápai
Affiliation:1. Department of Chemistry and CIRCC, University of Bari, Campus Universitario, 70126 Bari, Italy;2. Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR, via Amendola 122, 70126 Bari, Italy;3. Chemical Research Centre – HAS, Institute of Structural Chemistry, 1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 17, Hungary;1. The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province; State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. Department of Chemistry & Medicinal Chemistry Program, Office of Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore;1. Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-07, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;2. Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal, 20-1, Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba 293-8511, Japan;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science/Environmental Technology Research Center, Yuan Ze University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan, Republic of China;2. Material Science Group, Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China;1. The Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China;2. Department of Chemistry & Medicinal Chemistry Program, Office of Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India;2. Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, India;1. Centre for Green Process Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK;2. Nanoinvestigation Centre at Liverpool, 1-3 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK;3. Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
Abstract:In this paper we show that modification of ceria by loading alumina strongly reduces the oxidation of methanol and the consequent reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) with increase of both the life of the catalysts and their selectivity. The combination of surface techniques (XPS and BET) with structural techniques (XRD) has allowed a good characterisation of the working catalysts. Spectroscopic analyses (DRIFT and multinuclear solid state and solution NMR) have permitted the monitoring of the species formed on the surface of the catalyst and released from it. The formation of DMC takes place in successive steps such as (i) interaction of methanol with the catalyst surface with the formation of the surface-bound single bondOCH3; (ii) building on the catalyst surface of the hemicarbonate moiety [–OCH3  –OC(O)OCH3]; and (iii) reaction of the latter with the gas-phase methanol to afford the organic carbonate.
Keywords:
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