渣油分散剂对催化裂化过程生焦的影响及其分散效果表征方法的探究

通过探讨重油尤其是渣油催化裂化过程生焦的基本机理及主要影响因素，认为沥青质和胶质以及它们所构成的胶体体系对生焦过程有较大的影响。通过比较常规减焦措施如超声波法和乳化剂法，提出了通过加入重油分散剂的措施来抑制沥青质胶体体系中胶粒之间的相互缔合和聚集，从而有效改善重油体系的稳定性及反应性能，防止生焦。针对黏度测定法和小角X射线散射法在分散效果表征中存在的问题，提出了多重光散射法。实验结果表明，选择结构与胶质类似而分散性能好的双亲分子作为渣油分散剂，用多重光散射法进行表征，原料油稳定性提高了23.5百分点。

EFFECT OF RESIDUE DISPERSANT ON COKE FORMATION IN FCC PROCESS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION METHOD

The mechanism of coke formation in FCC process was studied. It was concluded that asphaltene, resin and the colloidal system composed of them were the closely impact factors on coke formation. The test results show that adding the right amphiphile with similar structure to resin into the feedstock as residue dispersant can perform better dispersion and reduce the additional coke. Due to some flaws in conventional coke reducing methods, such as ultrasonic method and emulsion method, an optimal multiple scattering method was proposed to characterize the dispersion effect. The stability of the feed using right amphiphile can be increased by 23.5%.