填丝激光焊对接间隙宽度检测传感器与送丝系统的研究

本文针对高质量板材对接填丝激光焊的需要,设计了对缝间隙宽度检测的传感器与送丝控制系统。间隙检测传感器采用波长780nm的半导体激光器作为辅助光源,位敏元件PSD作为接收器件,步进电机带动传感器在工件上方做横向扫描,得出对接间隙宽度的信息。根据间隙宽度与焊丝送进速度之间的关系式,计算机将所需的焊丝送进速度值送给送丝控制系统,实现填丝激光对接焊缝成形的自适应控制。在2mm厚的低碳钢板对接焊实验中,对接间隙从0.1mm连续变化到0.5mm,采用焊丝直径0.7mm,激光功率2KW,焊接速度0.8m/min,使用本套系统,成功地完成了根据检测间隙的宽度自动控制送丝速度的填丝激光焊接过程,保证了焊缝全长正反面良好的成形。

Research on Gap Width Detecting Sensor and Wire Feeding System in Butt Laser Welding With Filler Wire

To guarantee good quality of butt laser welding with filler wire, a gap width detecting sensor and a wire feeding system has been designed. The sensor uses laser diode which wavelength is 780nm as the optical source, and uses PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) as the receiving component. A step motor drives the sensor transversally scanning above the workpiece so as to detect the gap width. According to the gap width, a computer calculates the required wire- feed speed and transfers the value to wire feeding system. The wire - feeding system has been successfully used in welding of 2mm - thick low carbon steel sheet with the gap width continuously changing from 0. 1 - 0. 5mm. During the welding process, the diameter of the filler wire is 0.7mm, the laser power is 2KW and the welding speed is 0.8m/min.