Structure evolution of layered transition metal oxide cathode materials for Na-ion batteries: Issues,mechanism and strategies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;2. Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;3. Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;4. Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA;1. Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China;2. National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative, Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China;3. Microstructure and Residual Stress Analysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialiens und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China;5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;1. Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;3. College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;1. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;3. Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;4. Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Due to the obvious benefits of abundant resources and low cost of sodium, sodium-ion batteries have enormous development potential and a broad market outlook in the field of large-scale energy storage and low-speed electric cars. Layered oxide cathode material is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries due to its high energy density, rich variety, simple synthesis method and low environmental pollution. However, the layered oxides of sodium-ion batteries suffer from instability in air storage and unstable electrochemical performance during cycling. This review summarizes surface and bulk structural evolution in air exposure and during cycling to reveal the relationship between structure evolution, charge transfer mechanisms and electrochemical performance, which is of great significance for designing advanced electrode materials. The strategies based on the degradation mechanisms for layered oxides cathode materials are also discussed for the future development and industrialized application. We hope that this review will provide a basis for an accurate understanding of the structural evolution of layered oxides and provide some inspiration for the design and development of electrochemical systems with excellent performance. |
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| Keywords: | Structure evolution Failure mechanism Air sensitivity Layered oxide Sodium-ion batteries |
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