基于跨层设计的无线传感器网络节能双向梯度路由算法

针对现有无线传感器网络梯度路由算法在下行路由创建过程和能量更新机制中存在冗余控制开销的问题,该文提出一种采用跨层和功率控制机制,具有节能功能的双向梯度路由算法(Cross-layer Energy-efficient Bidirectional Routing,CEBR):无需使用专门的控制分组,采用源路由方式以较小开销建立从Sink节点通往传感器节点的下行路由;通过跨层信息共享,定期采集节点剩余能量信息并按需发布;设计使用含跳数和节点剩余能量的合成路由度量标准,减少节点能量和网络带宽消耗的同时均衡节点能耗;结合RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)测距实现节点发射功率控制从而在数据及查询分组发送过程中节约节点能量。理论分析表明了CEBR的有效性;仿真结果显示:与现有的典型相关算法相比,CEBR能够在建立双向梯度路由的前提下,至少降低34.5%的归一化控制开销和27.12%的数据分组平均能耗,并使网络生存期延长18.98%以上。

A Cross-layer Energy-efficient Bidirectional Gradient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

To reduce the redundant control overhead in the process of creating downstream routes and the mechanism of updating energy information, a Cross-layer Energy-efficient Bidirectional Routing(CEBR) algorithm is proposed. CEBR establishes downstream routes from the sink node to sensor nodes by the means of source routing and obtains the information of nodes’ residual energy through cross-layer information sharing. An integrated routing criterion which includes hop counts and nodes’ residual energy is designed to balance nodes’ energy consumption. In addition, a power control mechanism is presented to save nodes’ energy based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). Theoretical analysis verifies the effectiveness of CEBR. Also, simulation results show that CEBR reduces at least 34.5% of the normalized control overhead and 27.12% of the average energy consumption of a data packet, and extends the network lifetime by at least 18.98%, as compared to the existing classic algorithms.