高拱坝下游水垫塘体形比选试验研究

水垫塘作为高拱坝泄洪消能的一种重要形式，已经在众多工程中采用。本文分别对水垫塘2类（平底和反拱）3种体形——平底、反拱圆弧底、反拱抛物线底进行了水力特性研究，从水垫塘体形、塘中水舌流态、塘底冲击压强、岸坡落石运动等不同角度分析论证了3种水垫塘的水力学特性。最后得出结论：圆弧底反拱水垫塘优于其它2种形式并推荐工程采用。

Test on shape selection of plunge pool at the downstream of a high arch dam

As an important form of flood discharge and energy dissipation in a high arch dam, the plunge pools have been used in a lot of hydropower projects. This paper presents the research on hydraulic characteristics of two types （fiat bottom and reversed arch） and three shapes （fiat bottom, reversed arch circular bottom, and reversed arch parabolic bottom） of plunge pools. The hydraulic charac- teristics of three types of plunge pools are demonstrated from different fields such as plunge pool shape, flow regime of pool nappe, impact pressure on pool bottom and movement of slope rock fall. The conclusion is that the type of circular and reversed arch plunge pool is superior to the other 2 types and is recommended for use.