Lead and nickel distribution in the Cup-PbO-SiO2 and the Cup-NiO-SiO2 Systems equilibrated with liquid copper |
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Authors: | Radhanath P Das George W Healy |
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Affiliation: | (1) (R & D), Hindustan Steel, Ltd., Ranchi 2, Bihar, India;(2) Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Fuels Engineering, University of Utah, 84112 Salt Lake City, UT |
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Abstract: | The distribution of lead and of nickel between molten copper and a ternary cuprous oxide-metal oxide-silica saturated slag
was measured at 1498 K. The results are correlated using ion fractions, calculated either according to Temkin’s method, or
as electrically equivalent ion fractions. The simpler method suggested by Temkin correlates slightly better than the other
giving the following relations between the ionic concentration quotients and impurity concentration in the metal: logN
Pb
++/N
2
Cu
+ = logX
Pb + 2.40 ± 0.05, valid up toX
Pb = 0.003 logN
Ni
++/N
2
Cu
+ = 0.44 logX
Pb + 0.15 ± 0.07, valid up toX
Ni = 0.004. In the nickel systems, an Ni rich phase, identified as NiO, separates from the metal at XNi = 0.04 (0.4 wt pct). A tentative phase diagram of the Cu2O-NiO-SiO2 system at 1498 K is presented. The data found in this investigation explain why the impurities Pb or Ni cannot be practically
reduced to low levels by oxidation. This results from the large amounts of copper that are oxidized in going to low impurity
levels. Use of a two-slag refining process is shown to cut slag losses of copper to less than half those encountered with
a single slag operation. |
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Keywords: | |
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