乙醇抽提大豆油之研究

<正> 大豆产于我国已有长久历史,产量向居世界第一位.据1949年统计,全世界大豆产量为501,700,000英斛(bushel)(1 bushel=8加侖),中国产量为245,200,000英斛,约占全世界产量二分之一弱;1935—1939年世界平均产量为464,300,000英斛,中国为369,111,000英斛,约佔四分之三强,故大豆为我国国宝之一.大豆不但含有丰富之蛋白质等,为极佳之食品,且平均含油量达18%左右,为吾国同胞食油之主要来源.

ETHANOL AS A SOLVENT IN THE EXTRACTION OF SOYBEAN OIL

From the standpoint of oil production, solvent extraction is the most efficient method known for processing oil seeds. Ethyl alcohol ia one of the most common organic solvents and has a relatively lower price than others. The oil and meal yield from the alcohol extraction of soybean have considerab-ly better flavor and color than those from extraction with petroleum products or other solvents. On the basis of the data obtained, several important points may be mentioned as follows in connection with the use of ethyl alcohol as a solvent for soybean oil extraction:a. A comparison of the alcohol extraction of the whole sample with that of the ground sample shows that on the average, the rate of extraction of the ground sample is almost twenty times as fast as that of the whole sample.b. The smaller the particle size is, the higher will be the yield of the oil. obtained. If the sample is grounded to pass 40 mesh screen, the highest yield will be obtained.c. Extraction temperature: Soybean oil is insoluble in the alcohol at room temperature. Its solubility increase with increase in temperature. It is better to extract the oil at boiling point of the alcohol solution.d. The concentration of ethyl alcohol: Since soybean oil is insoluble in water, higher concentration of alcohol will give higher yield. As shown by this experiment, poor result will be obtained if the concentration of alcohol is less than 89%.