明示--推理:交际理解的机制

Sperber和Wilson在关联理论中提出了言语交际的“明示——推理”模式。他们认为明示与推理是交际过程的两个方面,从说话人的角度而言,交际是一个明白无误地示意过程,即交际时说话人明确表达出自己的意图;但从听话人的角度而言,交际又是一种推理过程,即从说话人通过明示手段提供的信息中推断出说话人的交际意图。关联理论从认知语言学的角度提出语言交际是按一定推理思维规律进行的认知活动。根据关联原则,任何一个交际行为都传递着最佳相关性的假定或期待,听话者总是以最小的认知努力来获得最大的语境效果,并以此推导出说话者的交际意图。

Ostensive-inferential Model: Technique of Communicative Understanding

In Relevance Theory, Sperber & Wilson put forward a model of utterance communication: "Os-tensive - inferential Communication". They believe that ostension and inference are the two sides in communication. On the speaker's side, communication is the process of expressing meaning ostensively; while on the hearer' s side, it is a process of inference, i. e, to infer the communicative intention from the information provided by the speaker. From the viewpoint of cognition of language, relevance theory holds that utterance communication is of cognitive activity that follows the rule of inference. According to the relevance principle, all communicative acts convey assumptions and expectations of optimal relevance. The hearer always provides the minimum processing effort to achieve the maximum contextual effect and induces the speaker's communicative intention.