静电喷涂涂层厚度分布模型的研究进展

静电喷涂是利用高压静电电场使带负电的涂料微粒沿着电场相反的方向定向运动,并将涂料微粒吸附在工件表面的一种喷涂方法。在静电喷涂中,涂层厚度分布模型是喷涂机器人离线编程和轨迹规划作业中影响涂层厚度均匀性的关键因素,对提高喷涂质量和涂料转移率具有重要意义。因此,喷涂机器人轨迹规划的一个首要和基础的问题是如何建立准确的涂层厚度分布模型。重点综述了近年来静电喷涂涂层厚度分布模型的国内外研究进展,并在此基础上归纳了涂层厚度分布模型存在的问题,与此同时,归纳了常用涂层厚度仿真的方法—经验模型法和CFD仿真法。喷涂仿真包括静态喷涂仿真和动态喷涂仿真,静态仿真常用欧拉-欧拉法和欧拉-拉格朗日法,动态仿真常用动喷枪法和动壁面法,其中,动壁面法结合动网格为动态仿真主要方法。常见的动网格模型有三种:弹性光顺模型、铺层模型、局部重构模型。而在动态仿真中,动网格法常用有两种模型:一种是弹性光顺模型结合局部重构模型,另一种是铺层模型。最后对未来涂层厚度分布模型和涂层厚度仿真的研究进行了简要展望。

Research Progress of Coating Thickness Distribution Model by Electrostatic Spraying

Electrostatic spraying is a kind of spray painting method used to make negatively charged paint particles move in the opposite direction of the electric field by high voltage electrostatic field, and adsorb the paint particles on the surface of the workpiece. In electrostatic spraying, the spray coating thickness distribution model is a key factor affecting the coating thickness uniformity in off-line programming and trajectory planning for spray painting robots, so it has important significance for improving the spray quality and paint transfer efficiency. Therefore, a primary and fundamental issue in the trajectory planning of spray robots is how to establish an accurate coating thickness distribution model. The research progress of electrostatic spray coating thickness distribution model at home and abroad in recent years was mainly reviewed. Based on this, the problems of coating thickness distribution model were summarized and the commonly used coating thickness simulation methods were investigated at the same time: empirical model method and CFD simulation method. Spray simulation included static spray simulation and dynamic spray simulation. Euler-eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian methods were commonly used in static simulations, while the dynamic spray gun method and dynamic wall method were commonly used in dynamic simulation and the dynamic wall method combined with dynamic mesh was the main method of dynamic simulation. There were three common dynamic mesh models: spring smoothing model, layering model, and local remeshing model. In dynamic simulation, there were two models commonly used in the dynamic grid method: spring smoothing model combined with local remeshing model and layering model. Finally, the research on the distribution model and simulation of coating thickness is expected briefly.