The crack evolution on the atomistic scale during the pyrolysis of carbon fibre reinforced plastics to carbon/carbon composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. German Aerospace Center, Institute of Structures and Design, Pfaffenwaldring 38/40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Max-Planck-Institute for Metal Research, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;1. Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300387, PR China;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Youyi West Road 127, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710072, China;2. School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan;1. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, China;2. Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany;3. Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;4. Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;5. Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;6. MAPEX - Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China;2. Ceramic Materials Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95447, Germany;3. Institute of Structures and Design, German Aerospace Center, Stuttgart 70569, Germany;4. Advanced Ceramics, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The development of the crack patterns during the pyrolysis of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) to carbon/carbon composites as the second manufacturing step in the liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process was investigated. In the basic examination reported previously, it was discovered that a substantial amount of cracking occurs beyond 650 °C, when the mesoscopic crack pattern has already fully developed. This additional cracking could not be visualized by using standard microscopy. Thus additional investigations were conducted by using conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to obtain information on the atomistic scale on the assumed cracking activity.It was found that the crack development starts at pores that develop as a compensation for the rough fibre surface. Crack propagation takes place by evolution of new nanoscopic cracks caused by fibre–matrix-debonding in the tensile stress field in front of the crack tip and subsequent connection with the main crack. Thus the interconnection mechanism – cracking as the connection of cracks on a subordinated scale to form a new crack – is the second main cracking mechanism beside transversal cracking (leading to a regular mesoscopic crack pattern) active during the carbonization of CFRP components. |
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