Pulped Phormium tenax leaf fibres as reinforcement for epoxy composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory for New type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China;3. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;4. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;1. City University of Applied Sciences Bremen – HSB, Dept. Biomimetics, The Biological Materials Group, Neustadtswall 30, D-28199 Bremen, Germany;2. Institute for Polymer Materials and Plastics Processing, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastr. 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;3. Clausthal Centre for Materials, Clausthal University of Technology, Agricolastr. 2, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;4. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China;2. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, PR China;1. School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia;2. Norske Skog Paper Mill (Australia) Ltd., Boyer, TAS, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Leaf fibres from Phormium tenax (harakeke, New Zealand flax) were pulped at 170 °C with NaOH and anthraquinone. The pulp was wet laid to form mats, which were used to reinforce epoxy composites. The flexural modulus was almost as high as that measured for epoxy reinforced with glass chopped strand mat at the same weight fraction. The flexural strength was two-thirds that of the glass-reinforced composite. Failure was abrupt. SEM images showed torn fragments of fibre cell walls protruding from the fracture surface, indicating strong interfacial bonding. Good mechanical performance was attributed to the rarity of kink bands in the individual fibre cells, along with wrinkled cell-wall surfaces that enhanced the area of the fibre–matrix interface. |
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