In situ observations of dendritic fragmentation due to local solute-enrichment during directional solidification of an aluminum alloy

High-brilliance synchrotron X-radiation microscopy and further image processing allowed in situ observations of local solute-enrichment during fragmentation of dendrite arms under normal non-forced-convection conditions during directional solidification of an Al–20 wt.% Cu alloy. An open dendritic network is exposed to solute-rich liquid which arrives from the solidification front. At grain boundaries such openness is even more pronounced, leaving higher-order branches highly exposed to the incoming solute-rich liquid stream. It was found that streaming of solute-enriched liquid at the tip of high-order branches promotes growth by local undercooling. Further solute advection and local solute rejection due to the local growth causes solute pile-up at the roots of the branches. This solute pile-up alters the local compositional balance at the solid–liquid interface at the root, causing the root to remelt, which in turn results in further branch detachment.