高压输电线路和变电站雷电防护的现状与发展

综述了国内外各种防雷研究成果:分析了架设避雷线、降低杆塔接地电阻、安装线路避雷器等常规输电线路防雷措施的特点及局限性,介绍了新型输电线路结构、防雷保护间隙、可控放电避雷针等输电线路防雷新技术;论述了变电站直击雷防护和进线段保护的具体措施,以及站内重要电气设备如变压器、断路器、电抗器等的防雷保护,探讨了变电站接地网的降阻技术。指出输电线路和变电站的防雷是一个综合性课题,在防雷工程实践中,根据技术经济比较设计最适宜的综合防雷保护方案,以及进一步研究和完善适合于特殊地理环境的防雷新技术是今后的两个主要研究方向。

Present and Development of Lightning Protection for HV Transmission Lines and Substations

The lightningproof measures home and abroad are summarized: the characteristics and limitations of conventional lightningproof measures are analyzed such as erecting lightning conductor,reducing grounding resistance,installing polymeric housed metal oxide line-surge arrester and etc,and the new lightningproof techniques are introduced such as some new structures of transmission lines,lightningproof gap,controllable discharge lightning rod and etc;the direct lightning stroke protection for substation,the protection of incoming section,and the lightningproof measures for transformer,circuit breaker and reactor are discussed,and resistance reduction techniques of substation grounding grid are studied.It is indicated that the study on lightningproof measures for HV transmission lines and substations is a comprehensive subject,and in practice of the lightningproof project,the design of a reasonable comprehensive lightningproof project based on economic and technical comparison and the new lightningproof techniques suitable for special geographical conditions are two main study directions in the future.