有关水资源承载能力基本问题的探讨

水资源承载能力的研究可估算区域内水资源所能支撑的一定经济技术水平和生活生产条件下的最大人口规模,对该区域经济社会发展和人民生活水平的提高具有重要意义.水资源承载能力的概念与内涵、计算方法和实践应用是水资源承载能力研究的3个基本问题,本文总结了水资源承载能力近20年的研究进展,对3个基本问题进行了深入地分析和讨论.基本概念和内涵方面,经过多年沉淀已得到学者统一的认识;计算方法方面,计算精度逐渐得到提高,研究范围得到逐步拓展,方法的实用性逐渐增强;实践应用方面,虽然水资源承载能力与水资源规划、配置和管理等方面有密切的关系,但在提高水资源承载能力的实践研究深度与前两个基本问题相比还略显不足,应是下一步水资源承载能力研究的重点.

Discussion on the basic problems of water resources carrying capacity

Water resources carrying capacity could help researchers to understand the maximum population size which water resources could support at a certain level of economy and technology and the living and production condition, under the premise of protecting ecological environment in a certain area. And it is al- so very important for the development of local economy and society and the improvement of people＇s living standard. Three basic problems of water resources carrying capacity include the concept, calculation meth- ods and the application. This paper discussed and analyzed three basic problems based on research prog- ress of water resources carrying capacity in recent 20 years. The concept of water resources carrying capaci- ty was commonly recognized. Calculation precision and practicability of water resources carrying capacity were improved gradually, research areas have been expanded. Although water resources planning, water re- sources allocation and water resources management are closely related to water resources carrying capacity, the degree of application research is not enough compared with the first two basic problems. So emphasis should be put on the application research of water resources carrying capacity.