明代陕南地区洪涝灾害研究

通过对历史文献资料的搜集和整理,对明代自公元1369年到1644年的276年间陕南地区洪涝灾害变化阶段、趋势、等级分布和成因进行了研究。统计分析结果显示,明代陕南地区洪涝灾害可划分轻度涝灾、中度涝灾、大涝灾、特大涝灾4级灾害,各占洪灾总次数的33%、40%、21%、6%。明代陕南地区洪涝灾害共发生76次,平均每3.6年发生1次。从明代早期到晚期,洪水发生总体上呈波动上升趋势。明代陕南洪灾可分为3个阶段,第1阶段在1369～1435年之间,为洪灾贫发阶段;第2阶段在1436～1550年之间,为洪灾多发阶段;第3阶段在1551～1644年之间,为洪灾较少阶段。洪灾集中于夏、秋两季。明代陕南地区洪涝灾害的发生主要是由地形、降水和气候异常波动以及人为活动综合因素影响的结果。

Research on the Flood Distaste of Southern Shaanxi in Ming Dynasty

Through the collection and analysis to the historical materials, the characteristic and the reason of the interannual and the season has been researched. The results show that, Ming Dynasty flood disaster level may divide into small, middle, big and super-big in southern Shaanxi. Their occurrence probability is 33%, 40%, 21% and 6%. From 1369 to 1644, flood disaster of the Ming Dynasty altogether has 76 times, and averagely occurred one time per 3.6 year. From the early Ming Dynasty to the late, floods occurred on the whole showed an upward trend fluctuation. The disaster has been divided into three periods. During the first period, from the 1369 to 1435, there were few disasters. During the second period, from 1436 to 1550, this region had the most disaster. During the third period, between 1551 and 1644, there were fewer disasters. On season, the disaster occurrence frequency concentrates on summer and autumn. Main factors producing flood disaster are geography, precipitation, climatic anomaly undulation and the synthetically action of artificial flexible affection.