浅谈黄土高原重点水土流失区的林业生态工程建设

黄土高原重点水土流失区林业生态工程建设的现状可以用“三低”（造林成活率低、保存率低、林木生长率低）来概括，人工林具有矮化，纤细，低产，烯疏4个特征，自然条件，适地适树、苗木质量、造林技术、抚育管护等5个方面的问题是造成“三低”的主要原因，适地适树适法是现阶段防治中造林“三低”的主要技术途径，其核心是“林水平衡”合理布局，适地适树，重视经济树种、抗旱造林以及加强病、虫、鼠、免、牛、羊、危害防治，是搞好区内林业生态建设的主要技术措施。

Preliminary Discussion of Forest Ecological Project Construction in the Key Soil and Water Loss Regions in the Loess Plateau

Current status of forest and ecological project construction in the key soil and water loss regions in the Loess Plateau can be summarized as “three low levels”, i.e., low survive rate, low preservation and low growth rate of forest. There are four characters of short, thin, low production and sparse distribution in artificial forest. The main reasons for the “three low levels” are the following 5 aspects: natural condition, variety for suitable location, quality of seedling, forest technique, and maintenance and management. Suitable variety of trees for specific locations and application of right plantation way are the major methods for prevention of the problem of “three low levels” at current stage, in which “balance between forest and water” is the key point. The major techniques and treatments for make perfect forest and ecological projects in the area include rational distribution, suitable variety selection, attention paid on economic trees, anti drought tree plantation technique and protection of trees from diseases and damages of animals as mice, rabbits, goats and cows.