植物多糖气凝胶的吸附性能研究

利用魔芋葡甘聚糖、马铃薯淀粉、卡拉胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、果胶、海藻酸钠、琼脂,以及甘油通过溶胶-凝胶及冷冻干燥的方法制备出植物多糖气凝胶,对其机械性能,微观形貌,比表面积,孔径,以及对烟气模型中总粒相物、焦油、烟碱和CO的吸附性进行了测定。通过正交实验得到植物多糖气凝胶的最佳配方为:魔芋葡甘聚糖浓度0.3%,淀粉浓度5%、甘油浓度2%、卡拉胶浓度0.3%、羟丙基甲基纤维素浓度1.4%、琼脂浓度0.4%、海藻酸钠浓度0.5%、果胶浓度0.5%。植物多糖气凝胶比表面积为1.338 m2/g,平均孔径为25.6μm,孔径分布均匀。将其用于对烟气模型中烟气过滤时,与醋酸纤维过滤材料相比,总粒相物降低率增加13.6%,焦油含量降低率增加12.7%,一氧化碳含量降低率增加11.3%,烟碱含量降低率增加17.3%。此外,植物多糖气凝胶具有良好的生物降解性。 

Study on adsorption of plant polysaccharide aerogels

Plant polysaccharide aerogels were prepared with konjac glucomannan, potato starch, carrageenan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, agar and glycerin by sol-gel and freeze-drying methods. Mechanical properties, microstructure, specific surface area and pore size, as well as adsorption of aerogels to total particular matter, tar, nicotine and CO in fumes model were determined. According to the multiple actors in orthogonal experiment, the optimal formula of plant polysaccharide aerogels was as follow: konjac glucomannan 0.3%, potato starch 5%, glycerin 2%, carrageenan 0.3%, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 1.4%, agar 0.4%, sodium alginate 0.5% and pectin 0.5%. Plant polysaccharide aerogels possessed specific surface area of 1.338 m2/g, average pore size of 25.6 μm and uniform pore size distribution. Plant polysaccharide aerogels were applied to filter fumes, compared with cellulose acetate filter, which increased the reduction rate of total particle matter ( increased by 13.6%) , tar ( increased by 12.7%) , CO ( increased by 11.3%) of flumes, nicotine ( increased by 17.3%) .In addition, they possessed excellent biodegradability.