平贝母和川贝母总生物碱含量及其镇咳、抗炎作用比较研究

目的:比较平贝母与川贝母新品种——太白贝母、旧品种——松贝、青贝、炉贝总生物碱含量及镇咳、抗炎药理作用,探讨平贝母作为川贝母新来源的可行性。方法:采用回流法提取各品种总生物碱,紫外分光光度法测定其含量;比较不同品种贝母总生物碱对氨水刺激法致小鼠咳嗽模型和二甲苯致耳廓肿胀模型的药理作用;对各品种总生物碱咳嗽抑制率和炎症抑制率进行聚类分析。结果:各贝母提取物总生物碱含量从高到低依次为太白贝母(野生)、平贝母、青贝、松贝、炉贝、太白贝母(栽培)。平贝母、松贝、青贝、炉贝、太白贝母(栽培)总生物碱可明显减少氨水刺激法致小鼠咳嗽模型咳嗽次数,其中老品种较平贝母、新品种减少咳嗽次数优;松贝、青贝总生物碱可明显延长咳嗽潜伏期。平贝母、松贝总生物碱可明显减轻二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型肿胀度;平贝母较松贝减轻抗炎效果更佳。聚类分析结果显示松贝、青贝、炉贝与太白贝母(栽培)、太白贝母(野生)聚集,与平贝母分离,表明平贝母与川贝母各品种总生物碱镇咳抗炎药效有一定差异。结论:平贝母总生物碱组成和抗炎、镇咳作用与川贝母有一定差异;但平贝母亦可作为川贝母候选新来源品种进一步研究。 

Comparative study on the content determination and the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of the total alkaloids of Pingbeimu and Chuanbeimu

Objectives: To compare the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of the total alkaloids of the new and old varieties of Pingbeimu and Chuanbeimu, and to explore the feasibility of Pingbeimu as a new candidate source of Chuanbeimu.Methods: The total alkaloids of varieties of Beimu were extracted by reflux, the alkaloid contents were determined by the UV spectrophotometry, the pharmacodynamic effects of the total alkaloids of varieties of Beimu on the ammonia-stimulated mouse cough model and the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model were compared. The cough and swelling inhibition rates of the total alkaloids were cluster-analyzed.Results: The line of the alkaloids contents went from wild Taibaibeimu, Pingbeimu and Qingbei to Songbei and then down to Lubei and finally to cultivated Taibaibeimu. The total alkaloids of the three old varieties and cultivated Taibaibeimu could significantly reduce the coughing number of the ammonia-stimulated mouse cough model and the old varieties possessed better effect than Pingbeimu and the new variety. The total alkaloids of Songbei and Qingbei could obviously prolong the coughing incubation period. The total alkaloids of Songbei and Pingbeimu could significantly reduce the xylene-induced mouse ear inflammation swelling degree and Pingbeimu had better anti-inflammatory effect. Cluster analysis showed that the cough and swelling inhibition rates of the old varieties were clustered into those of Taibaibeimu but separated from those of Pingbeimu, which showed that the total alkaloids of Pingbeimu were different from Chuanbeimu. Conclusion: The composition and the anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory effects of Pingbeimu were diffenent from that of Chuanbeimu, Pingbeimu, as a new candidate source of Chuanbeimu deserved further study.