细菌和真菌分解低品位磷矿

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌、假单孢菌和曲霉对低品位磷矿粉的分解作用. 结果表明，3种菌株均显著促进了磷矿粉中磷的浸出，磷的浸出率最高可达7%，其中曲霉的解磷能力远强于枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌，进一步证实了真菌的解磷能力强于细菌. 磷矿粉用量越低，磷的浸出率越高. 随培养时间增加，磷的浸出率逐渐升高，但培养到15 d后磷的浸出几乎达到饱和. 另外，碳源浓度为3%时，枯草芽孢杆菌和假单孢菌培养液中磷的浸出率最高，而碳源浓度为2%时曲霉培养液中磷的浸出率达到最高，浓度过高或过低均抑制磷的浸出.

Biodecomposition of Low-grade Rock Phosphate with Some Bacteria and Fungi

Decomposition of low-grade rock phosphate with three strains of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp. and Aspergillus sp. was investigated. The experimental results show that the decomposition of rock phosphate is promoted in culture medium, and the highest rate of phosphorus leaching is 7%. The decomposition of rock phosphate with Aspergillus sp. is far better than that of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas sp., confirming that the decomposition of rock phosphate with fungi is better than that with bacteria. The lower the content of rock phosphate, the higher the rate of phosphorus leaching. The rate of phosphorus leaching increases gradually with the culture time, but when cultured for more than 15 d, the leaching seems to be saturated. Moreover, the rate of phosphorus leaching reaches the highest value in Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas sp. culture media when the concentration of carbon source is 3%, but in Aspergillus sp. culture medium, the concentration of carbon source is 2%. Higher or lower than the suitable concentration restrains the phosphorus leaching.