High-temperature vacuum electric furnaces for sintering,heat treatment,and synthesis of ceramic materials

The main characteristics of vacuum electric furnaces for sintering, heat treatment, and synthesis of ceramic materials are presented. Some manufacturing parameters of the materials treated in the furnaces are presented, and the heat losses in heating units made of refractory metals and of carbon composite materials are compared. It is shown that vacuum furnaces with heating units made of the composite materials are very efficient.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 11, pp. 26–29, November, 1994.