黄河下游河道湿地浅析

黄河属于高含沙河流,自小浪底以下河道大部分为宽浅游荡型河道,形成了特有的黄河河道湿地。研究认为:黄河下游河道湿地是黄河小浪底以下河道行洪的重要组成部分;湿地保护应考虑下游滩区的现状,并应与下游综合治理相结合;黄河下游频繁断流对湿地的破坏较大;黄河下游滩区生产堤的修建既影响防洪又不利于河道湿地发育;黄河下游河道湿地的存在有利于沿黄两岸生态环境的改善。提出黄河下游河道湿地的研究方向为:①河道典型湿地价值评估研究;②黄河下游河道湿地规模与黄河径流补给的响应关系研究;③黄河自然洪水对下游河道湿地的影响效应研究;④黄河调水调沙对河道湿地的影响效应研究等。

A Brief Analysis on Channel Wetlands of the Lower Yellow River

The Yellow River is a high sediment concentrated river. The majority channel downstream Xiaolangdi is wide and shallow wandering section, forming distinctive channel wetlands of the river. Through study, the paper puts forward that the channel wetlands located in the lower reaches of the river are an important component of the channel downstream Xiaolangdi for flooding; should consider the present status of downstream floodplain while conducting wetland protection and combine with the integrated management of the lower reaches; frequent depletion happened in the lower reaches will cause major destruction to wetlands; production dykes built in floodplain effect not only flood control, but also the development of channel wetlands and; the existence of channel wetlands is beneficial for improving the ecological environment of both sides of the river. The paper puts forward the following study orientations of the channel wetlands: a) study on value evaluation of typical channel wetland; b) study on the size of channel wetland on the lower river and responding relation of the river runoff supply; c) study on the influence of natural floods of the Yellow River to the lower channel wetlands and; d) study on the influence of water and sediment regulation of the river to the channel wetlands.