3D打印相关技术的发展现状

3D打印是一种增材制造技术,经过近几年的发展,在模型建立和设计、打印设备、扫描与监测控制方面已经取得了丰硕的成果。对三维模型的数据获取、三维模型的设计和建立、打印设备和材料等方面进行总结。分析了光学扫描在获取模型数据、三维测量的原理及应用,并研究其在打印过程监测中的应用价值。对三维模型的几何计算、轻量化、静平衡等问题进行总结,说明其在3D打印中的重要作用。总结了目前使用较为广泛的6种3D打印设备,对其工作原理、材料、性能特点进行比较。对3D打印的发展方向进行了展望,提出模型建立和优化、打印过程监测、绿色加工等的发展趋势。

Development Status of 3D Printing Technology

Three dimensional (3D) printing is a technology of increasing material manufacturing, and has achieved fruitful results in the model building and design, printing equipment, scanning and monitoring and control, after the development of the past few years. The data acquisition, 3D model design and establishment, printing equipment and materials are summarized. Firstly, the principle and application of optical scanning in acquiring the model data and three dimensional (3D) measurement were analyzed, and the application value of the method in the monitoring method of the printing process was studied. Then, the 3D model of geometric calculation, light weight, static balance and other issues were summarized, explaining its important role in the 3D printing. Lastly, the 6 types of 3D printing equipment, which are widely used at present, were compared for their working principles, materials and performance characteristics. The development direction of 3D printing is forecasted, and the development trend of the model establishment and optimization, the monitoring of printing process and the green processing are put forward.