基于等概率路由模型的传感器网络负载均衡研究

无线传感器网络的能耗效率与流量负载分布密切相关。论文从微观角度研究了无线传感器网络的负载均衡问题。基于等概率路由模型，分析了拓扑传输结构对于感知数据流量的分流作用。根据分析结果，提出了多对一传输模式下任意节点负载密度的定义和算法。分析了节点的负载密度与传感器网络生命期的关系，进一步论证了在多对一的多跳传感器网络中不能实现完全的负载均衡，但是通过设计合理的拓扑结构可以实现准负载均衡。仿真结果说明，从微观角度得到的节点负载密度可以准确描述无线传感器网络的流量负载分布，由此得到的准负载均衡条件也能实现绝大多数节点的负载均衡。

Load Balancing for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on an Equiprobable Routing Model

The efficiency of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is closely related to the traffic of each node. In this paper, the issue of load balancing in wireless sensor networks is researched on the microscopic scale. Based on an equiprobable routing model, the relationship between topology structure and data traffic distribution is established. Based on the analytical results, the definition and the distributed algorithm of load density of any node in many-to-one sensor networks are proposed. Based on the first order radio model, the relationship between load density and network lifetime is analyzed. In spite of the fact that complete load balancing in wireless sensor network is unreachable, suboptimal load balancing is possible if the topology structure is well-designed. Simulation results show that the load distribution of wireless sensor networks can be described accurately by load density, and load balancing of most nodes is possible if topology structure meets suboptimal conditions.