钌炭催化剂的制备及其在芳环加氢反应中的应用

芳环加氢反应是最重要的合成反应之一,钌炭催化剂在芳环加氢反应中具有优异的催化性能。综述钌炭催化剂的制备方法和载体性质对钌炭催化剂的影响以及钌炭催化剂在苯、苯甲酸和对苯二甲酸二甲酯等芳环加氢反应中的应用进展。负载型钌炭催化剂的制备方法主要有浸渍法、沉淀法和升华法,超声辅助浸渍法可将大部分钌纳米粒子引入到炭载体的孔道内部,得到限域型负载钌炭催化剂。而镶嵌式钌炭催化剂主要是指通过原位炭化的方法将钌粒子部分镶嵌在炭的孔壁上,一步得到钌炭催化剂,其制备方法主要有软模板剂法和硬模板剂法。除制备方法外,炭的骨架结构、表面性质及氮掺杂对钌炭催化剂的性能影响也较大。镶嵌式钌炭催化剂具有钌纳米粒子和炭载体之间的相互作用强、催化剂抗流失及烧结性能好,在芳环加氢反应中表现出卓越的催化性能和稳定性。随着新制备技术的出现,新型镶嵌式钌炭催化剂将可能实现产业化。

Preparation of carbon supported ruthenium catalysts and their application in aromatics hydrogenation

The hydrogenation of aromatics is one of the most important synthetic reactions in industry.Ruthenium catalysts supported on carbon materials showed excellent catalytic performance,such as high activity and stability.The effects of ruthenium catalyst preparation method and carbon support on the catalytic performance of ruthenium carbon catalysts,and the application of ruthenium carbon catalysts for the hydrogenation reactions of benzene,benzoic acid and dimethyl terephthalate were reviewed.The supported Ru/carbon catalysts were usually prepared via impregnation,precipitation,and sublimation methods.The majority of ruthenium nanoparticles were introduced into the pores of carbon support by ultrasound assisted impregnation methods,and the Ru-carbon catalysts were obtained.The novel Ru-carbon catalysts were mainly prepared via an in-situ carbonization method by embedding part of Ru nanoparticles in the pore wall of the carbon support.The soft and hard template methods were usually used for the synthesis of the novel carbon supported Ru catalysts with Ru embedded in the pore wall.In addition to the preparation methods,the skeleton structure and surface properties of carbon and nitrogen doping also had great effects on the performance of carbon supported Ru catalysts.This kind of Ru-carbon catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds had excellent catalytic performance,stability,good resistance to loss and sintering due to their strong interaction of Ru nanoparticles and carbon framework.The novel Ru-carbon catalysts has potential of the commercialization with the development of new preparation techniques.