气相催化合成氢氟烃和氢氟烯烃催化剂研究进展

随着氯氟烃(CFCs)制冷剂逐步被淘汰,市场上使用的制冷剂主要是以氢氟烃(HFCs)和氢氟烯烃(HFOs)为主要成分的单一或混合产品,气相催化法具有可连续操作和催化剂与产品易于分离等特点,是工业合成氢氟烃和氢氟烯烃的主要方法。介绍了氟氯交换反应、加氢脱氯反应和脱卤化氢反应等常见的气相催化合成氢氟烃和氢氟烯烃的反应类型,概括其反应原理以及影响催化剂活性的主要因素,并综述了气相催化剂在氢氟烃和氢氟烯烃合成中的应用,建议开发高活性的低温、无铬或低铬催化剂。

Research advance in the catalysts for gas phase catalytic synthesis of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrofluoroolefins

With gradually elimination of chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) as refrigerants,the refrigerants used in the market are the single or mixed products with hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins(HFOs) as the main components.The gas phase catalytic synthesis,which has the advantages of continuous operation and easy separation of the catalyst from the product,is the main method for the synthesis of HFCs and HFOs.The common reaction types for gas phase catalytic synthesis of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrofluoroolefins,including F/Cl exchange reaction,hydrodechlorination reaction and dehydrohalogenation,were introduced.The reaction principles and the main factors affecting catalyst activity were summarized.The application of gas phase catalysts in synthesis of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrofluoroolefins was reviewed.It is suggested that low-temperature,chromium-free and low chromium fluorination catalysts with high activity should be developed.