SO_4~(2-)/M_xO_y型固体超强酸催化剂改性研究进展

介绍固体超强酸催化剂的发展、特点、应用及改性研究方向,研究催化剂酸强度低、催化剂易失活和稳定性差等问题,并提出解决方案。通过对国内外SO_4~(2-)/M_xO_y型固体超强酸催化剂的研究,分析向载体中引入稀土元素、分子筛、其他金属、纳米材料和交联剂对固体超强酸催化剂催化活性、热稳定性、酸性、比表面积和晶型等的影响,综述采用S2O2-8或硫酸盐替换SO_4~(2-)作为催化剂活性组分对催化剂的催化活性、酸强度及结构等的影响以及引入过渡金属(贵金属)形成的双官能团对催化剂结构与活性的影响,对制约SO_4~(2-)/M_xO_y型固体超强酸催化剂研究与工业化应用的催化剂寿命、稳定性、机械强度、合成方法、催化活性及催化剂再生等问题进行探讨。

Research progress in modification ofSO42-/MxOy solid superacid catalysts

The development,characteristics,application and modification of solid superacid catalysts were introduced.The existing problems of low acid strength,easy deactivation and poor stability of the catalysts,etc. were investigated,and the solutions were put forward.Through the research of domestic and internationalSO₄^2-/M_xO_y solid superacid catalysts,the effects of rare earth element introduction,molecular sieves,other carrier metals,nano materials,and crosslinking agents on catalytic activity,thermal stability,acidity,surface area and crystal type of solid superacid catalysts were analyzed.Substituting S₂O₈^2- or sulfate forSO₄^2- ,the influence ofS₂O₈^2-or sulfate as the activity components of the catalysts on catalytic activity,acid strength and structure of the catalysts,and the effects of the introduction of transition metals (precious metals) formed the bifunctional catalysts on structure and catalytic activity of the catalysts were reviewed.The problems such as catalyst life,stability,mechanical strength,synthesis methods,catalytic activity and catalyst regeneration,which restricted the research on and commercial application ofSO₄^2-/M_xO_y solid superacid catalysts,were discussed.