基于Adams的列车碰撞三维动力学模型和仿真

为研究列车碰撞性能,用Adams创建由车体、车钩缓冲装置、端部吸能结构、防爬器、转向架和轮轨力等组成的单节车厢三维动力学模型,并创建6节车厢列车的三维动力学模型,模拟列车以15 m/s的速度与2节静止车厢碰撞的过程.通过分析各节车厢的速度、加速度和每个车钩缓冲装置的相对偏移量在碰撞过程中的变化情况,重现列车碰撞过程,进而分析影响列车垂向爬车和横向屈曲稳定性的因素.仿真结果表明,碰撞过程中每个车钩缓冲装置的相对偏移量和列车各节车厢的加速度最大值均沿列车运行向不断变小;列车前三节车厢的垂向爬车和横向屈曲最严重,转向架发生出轨现象.

3D dynamics model and simulation of train crash based on Adams

To study the train crash performance, a 3D dynamics model of a single car is built using Adams, which consists of car body, coupler and draft gear, end energy absorption device, anti creeper, bogie and wheel rail force, and then a 3D dynamics model of train with six cars is built based on the single car model. The process that the train crashes into two stationary cars at 15 m/s is simulated. The crash process is presented by analyzing the change of velocity and acceleration of every car and relative offset of every coupler and draft gear, and then the factors that influence the stability of vertical creep and lateral buckling are analyzed. The simulation results show that the relative offset of every coupler and draft gear and the maximum acceleration of every car decrease along the train running direction; the vertical creep and lateral buckling on the first three cars are serious and the bogie are out of the rails.