中国磷肥产业价值链分析

为探索我国磷肥产业经济长期处于不良状态的原因,利用价值链传动方法对我国磷肥产业从原料到产品加工、批发市场、零售市场的增值特点进行了研究。结果表明,我国磷肥产业组织庞大,从原料开采、产品加工、市场销售整个环节来看,磷肥加工环节增值最多,占整个增值的57%,整个环节中毛利润大小顺序为:生产加工>批发>零售。但是生产企业人均产值和人均利润均低于批发环节。增值幅度最小的是资源开发环节和产品零售环节。对比所有产品的增值趋势,增值幅度大小顺序为:NP>NPK>DAP>MAP>TSP>低浓度磷肥,高浓度磷肥发展的动力是具有广阔的市场空间和较高的价值和利润,但是NPK是市场需求驱使发展,而其他4种产品是生产企业利益驱使发展。低浓度磷肥价值低,市场份额小,出现萎缩现象,需要国家政策调控和产品的再开发以保证一定的供给量。

Analysis about value flow in China''''s phosphorous fertilizer industry

The value flow of China's phosphorous fertilizer industry was analyzed by value flow analysis (VFA).The results showed that the links of fertilizer manufacturing process contributed 57% to the total value addition of China's phosphorous fertilizer industry.The variations of gross profit in the three processes were like this:manufacturing process>fertilizer wholesale process>retailing process.But output value per person and profit per person were all lower in enterprises than that in wholesaling sector.The sectors of resource exploitation and retailing were the smallest in margin of value-addition.The order of value-addition magnitude of every products was:Nitric Phosphates (NP)>Compound Fertilizer (NPK)>Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP)>Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP)>Triple Superphosphate (TSP)>Single Superphosphate (SSP).Highly concentrated NP was driven to develop by a wider maret space and higher margin of value and profits.But BPK was driven by the market demand,while the other 4 were forced by the interest of producers.But the development of low concentrated NP should be given national support owing to low value and a small market share.