就业中心与城市发展

理论和实证研究表明，工业的空间分布对城市经济与城市效率密切相关。就业与城市经济增长的关系表现在：（1）劳动生产率和要素的生产率一般与就业密度和城市规模成正比，这与大城市相对高的工资相一致；（2）工业行业的多样化也促进城市经济的发展；（3）工业就业集中有利于提高生产率，域市企业的数量，工业产量和专利的产生；（4）就业的空间集聚在很大程度上影响域市交通投资和成本。

Employment Concentration and Urban Economic Growth

Both theory and empirical studies illustrate that spatial patterns of employment has substantial impacts on urban economy. Research reveals the following conclusions: (1) employment density is positively and significantly correlated with productivity (labor and inputs), this is consistent with the fact that wages are higher in larger cities than in smaller ones; (2) diversity of industries helps the development of new industries; (3) employment concentration is significantly correlated with productivity, industrial output, number of establishment, and development of patent; (4) urban transportation (both investments and costs) is affected by the degree of spatial concentration of employment.