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3-Phase hierarchical graphene-based epoxy nanocomposite laminates for automotive applications
Affiliation:1. Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE18ST, United Kingdom;2. School of Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR6 0DD, United Kingdom;3. Delta-Tech S.p.A., località Rifoglieto 60/a - int.1, 55011, Altopascio, LU, Italy;4. Fiat Research Center, via ex Aeroporto, 80038 Pomigliano d’Arco, Naples, Italy;5. Nanesa srl, Via Del Gavardello 59/c 52100, Arezzo, AR, Italy;6. Instituto de Tecnologías Químicas Emergentes de La Rioja, Antonio de Nebrija, 8, 26006 Logroño, Spain;7. Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L. Avda. Lentiscares 4-6 26370, Navarrete, Spain;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Scholl of Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu Maritime Institute, Nanjing 211170, China;3. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cutting Tools, Taizhou Unniversity, Taizhou 318000, China;4. Primary School of Education, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400700, China;5. Monash Centre for Additive Manufacturing (MCAM), Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;6. Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Materials Surface Enhancing & Remanufacturing, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;2. Institute of Aluminum Alloy, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China;3. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Aluminum Alloys and Applications, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China;1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China;3. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China;1. Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;1. Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Detection and Application for Weak Magnetic Field, Beijing, 100083, China;2. School of Automation, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China;3. National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China;2. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
Abstract:Two different types of graphene flakes were produced following solution processing methods and dispersed using shear mixing in a bifunctional (A) and a multifunctional (B) epoxy resin at a concentration of 0.8 and 0.6 wt%, respectively. The graphene/epoxy resin mixtures were used to impregnate unidirectional carbon fibre tapes. These prepregs were stacked (seven plies) and cured to produce laminates. The interlaminar fracture toughness (mode-I) of the carbon fiber/graphene epoxy laminates with resin B showed over 56% improvement compared with the laminate without graphene. Single lap joints were prepared using the laminates as adherents and polyurethane adhesives (Sika 7666 and Sika 7888). The addition of graphene improved considerably the adhesion strength from 3.3 to 21 MPa (sample prepared with resin A and Sika 7888) highlighting the potential of graphene as a secondary filler in carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites.
Keywords:Graphene  Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)  Fracture toughness  Shear lap joints
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