季戊四醇磷酸蜜胺盐膨胀型阻燃剂的合成和应用

本文采用磷酸、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺为原料，乙二醇为介质在一定条件下合成无卤膨胀型阻燃剂季戊四醇磷酸蜜胺盐，并对产物进行了差热、热失重及红外分析；根据该阻燃剂的膨胀度、剩炭率的测定结果，确定最佳合成条件为：n（磷酸）：n（季戊四醇）：n（三聚氰胺）=3：1：1．5～2；中间产物磷酸季戊四醇酯的合成温度120℃，合成时间2h；最终产物磷酸蜜铵盐合成温度100℃，时间4h。将该阻燃剂和高密度聚乙烯以不同比例共混，测定复合材料的力学性能、加工性能和燃烧性能。结果表明：以m（阻燃剂）：m（聚乙烯）=15：85混合，可使复合材料有良好的机械加工性能和理想的阻燃效果。

Synthesis of melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate as intumescent flame retardants and the application

The halogen-free intumescent flame retardant, melamine salt of pentae rythritol phosphate was synthesized from phosphoric acid （P）, pentaerythritol （PT） and melamine （M）. The product was confirmed by DSC, TG and FTIR. The optimum synthetic condition obtained based on turgidity and carbon yield of product was as follows： n（P）： n（PT）： n（M） =3： 1： 1.5-2; synthetic temperature of the intermediate product was 120℃, synthetic time was 2h; synthetic temperature of final product was 100℃, synthetic time was 4h. Finally, the product ap-plied in polyethylene. The flame retardancy of PE/IFR composites was investigated by the limiting oxygen index （LOI）、 tensile test and melting index test. The test results showed that turgidity and carbon yield of product could reflect the flame retardancy of IFR in PE. The IFR formula-tion of 3 ： 1 ： 1.5-2 mixed with PE in 15 ： 85 made the composite material possess a good machinability and have an ideal flame retardant effect.