Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic GdMnO3 Nanoparticles |
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Authors: | P Negi G Dixit H M Agrawal R C Srivastava |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, G.B. Pant University of Ag. & Technology, 263145, Pantnagar, India
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Abstract: | The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of multiferroic GdMnO3 nanoparticles synthesized by the modified sol–gel route have been investigated. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction along with Rietveld refinement confirm the pure phase of the GdMnO3 nanoparticles having an orthorhombic perovskite (space group: Pnma) type structure. The morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirms the stoichiometry of the composition. The room temperature UV-visible absorption spectrum using Tauc’s relation gives an optical band gap of ~2.9 eV. A magnetization study of the GdMnO3 nanoparticles was performed over a temperature range of 2–300 K at an applied field of 0.05 T by using a vibrating sample magnetometer. An effective magnetic moment (μ eff) of ~9.2μ B was obtained. The system is paramagnetic at room temperature and shows a ferromagnetic-like nature at 2 K as the applied magnetic field aligns the Gd moments and the contribution of the net moment of Gd spins is larger than that of the anti-ferromagnetically canted state of the Mn spins. |
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