Improvement in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells cathode performance with ammonium carbonate |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Environmental Research Institute, University of Connecticut, 270 Middle Turnpike Unit 5210, Storrs 06269, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Storrs 06269, USA;3. Ionomem Corporation, University of Connecticut, 270 Middle Turnpike Unit 5210, Storrs 06269, USA;1. Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Napoli Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy;2. ENEA – Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy;3. Fuel Cell Research Center, KIST - Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States;3. Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States;4. Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China;2. School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 2 Yikuang Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150080, China |
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| Abstract: | Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with optimized cathode structures can provide high performance at higher temperature (120 °C). A “pore-forming” material, ammonium carbonate, applied in the unsupported Pt cathode catalyst layer of a high temperature membrane electrode assembly enhanced the catalyst activity and minimized the mass-transport limitations. The ammonium carbonate amount and Nafion® loading in the cathode were optimized for performance at two conditions: 80 °C cell temperature with 100% anode/75% cathode R.H. and 120 °C cell temperature with 35% anode/35% cathode R.H., both under ambient pressure. A cell with 20 wt.% ammonium carbonate and 20 wt.% Nafion® operating at 80 °C and 120 °C presented the maximum cell performance. Hydrogen/air cell voltages at a current density of 400 mA cm?2 using the Ionomem/UConn membrane as the electrolyte with a cathode platinum loading of 0.5 mg cm?2 were 0.70 V and 0.57 V at the two conditions, respectively. This was a 19% cell voltage increase over a cathode without the “pore-forming” ammonium carbonate at the 120 °C operating condition. |
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