Improving the economics of biodiesel production through the use of low value lipids as feedstocks: vegetable oil soapstock |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Nanchang University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;3. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;1. Nanchang University, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China;2. Nanchang University, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang 330047, China;3. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;2. Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;3. Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;4. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China;5. Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA;1. Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, South Korea;2. Bio-Energy Research Team, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), South Korea;3. Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University, South Korea;4. Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Semirefined and refined vegetable oils are the predominant feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. However, their relatively high costs render the resulting fuels unable to compete with petroleum-derived fuel. We have investigated the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; biodiesel) from soapstock (SS), a byproduct of edible oil refining that is substantially less expensive than edible-grade refined oils. Multiple approaches were taken in search of a route to the production of fatty acid methyl esters from soybean soapstock. The most effective method involved the complete saponification of the soapstock followed by acidulation using methods similar to those presently employed in industry. This resulted in an acid oil with a free fatty acid (FFA) content greater than 90%. These fatty acids were efficiently converted to methyl esters by acid-catalyzed esterification. The fatty acid composition of the resulting ester product reflected that of soy soapstock and was largely similar to that of soybean oil. Following a simple washing protocol, this preparation met the established specifications for biodiesel of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Engine emissions and performance during operation on soy soapstock biodiesel were comparable to those on biodiesel from soy oil. An economic analysis suggested that the production cost of soapstock biodiesel would be approximately US$ 0.41/l, a 25% reduction relative to the estimated cost of biodiesel produced from soy oil. |
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