Enhancement of capacity and cycle-life of Sn4 + δP3 (0 ≤ δ ≤ 1) anode for lithium secondary batteries |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Center for Energy Conversion and Storage, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea;2. School of Materials and System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Kumi, Kyungbuk 730-701, South Korea;1. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States;3. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, B.3, 119992, Moscow, Russia;1. Helmut-Fischer Korea, 462, Dogok-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05574, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;3. Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14-gil 5 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea;1. SUNY College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, NY 12203, USA;2. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, 60510, USA;1. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA;3. Department of Engineering, Penn State DuBois, DuBois, PA, 15801, USA;4. Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | Various compositions of tin-rich, non-stoichiometric, solid solutions of Sn4 + δP3 are synthesized by a mechanochemical method. The materials are tested as anodes for lithium secondary batteries to enhance reversible capacity and cycleability. Investigative analyses show that the region for the solid-solution formation of Sn4 + δP3 is 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1. The reaction mechanism of the tin-rich solid solutions is similar to that of stoichiometric Sn4P3, except for the absence of a topotactic lithium insertion reaction during the first cycle. As the tin content is increased, tin-rich phosphide exhibits better cycleability and retains a higher reversible capacity, namely, about 20% more than that of stoichiometric Sn4P3. |
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