Polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack thermal model to evaluate sub-freezing startup |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. University of Hawaii, USA;1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing Automotive Collaborative Innovation Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;2. Faculty of Science, Agriculture, and Engineering, Newcastle University in Singapore, Singapore 599493, Singapore;3. Propulsion Research Institute of Chongqing Changan New Energy Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China;4. National Motor Vehicle Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chongqing 401122, China;1. Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;1. Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Rd, Tianjin 300072, China;3. School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom;1. Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China;4. Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China |
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| Abstract: | For passenger fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), customers will expect to start the vehicle and drive almost immediately, implying a very short system warmup to full power. While hybridization strategies may fulfill this expectation, the extent of hybridization will be dictated by the time required for the fuel cell system to reach normal operating temperatures. Quick-starting fuel cell systems are impeded by two problems: (1) the freezing of residual water or water generated by starting the stack at below freezing temperatures and (2) temperature-dependent fuel cell performance, improving as the temperature reaches the normal range. Cold start models exist in the literature; however, there does not appear to be a model that fully captures the thermal characteristics of the stack during sub-freezing startup conditions. Existing models lack the following features: (1) modeling of stack internal heating methods (other than stack reactions) and their impact on the stack temperature distribution and (2) modeling of endplate thermal mass effect on end cells and its impact on the stack temperature distribution.The focus of this research is the development and use of a sub-freezing thermal model for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. Specifically, the work has focused on the generation of a model in which the fuel cell is separated into layers to determine an accurate temperature distribution within the stack. Unlike a lumped model, which may use a single temperature as an indicator of the stack's thermal condition, a layered model can reveal the effect of the endplate thermal mass on the end cells, and accommodate the evaluation of internal heating methods that may mitigate this effect. |
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