Proton electrolyte membrane properties and direct methanol fuel cell performance: I. Characterization of hybrid sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/zirconium oxide membranes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. GKSS Research Centre, Max-Planck Str., 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;2. LEPAE, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;1. School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 610031, People’s Republic of China;2. Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People’s Republic of China;3. School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China;4. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China;5. School of Science, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, People’s Republic of China;1. Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economic, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;2. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran;1. High-Temperature Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Power Sources, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China;2. Municipal Environmental Engineering Institute, Jilin Jianzhu University NO. 5088, XinCheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, PR China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Andhra Pradesh, India |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents an evaluation of the zirconium oxide effects in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) with sulfonation degree (SD) of 87%. A series of inorganic–organic hybrid membranes were prepared with a systematic variation of the zirconium oxide content via in situ zirconia formation (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 12.5 wt.%). This procedure enabled the preparation of proton electrolyte membranes (PEM) with a wide range of properties, which can be useful for evaluating the relationship between the PEM properties and the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. The investigated properties are the proton conductivity, proton transport resistance, water uptake, water, methanol, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen permeability coefficients, morphology and elemental analysis. The results obtained show that the inorganic oxide network decreases the proton conductivity and water swelling. It is found that it leads also to a decrease of the water, methanol, carbon dioxide and oxygen permeability coefficients, an increase of the water/methanol selectivity and a decrease of the carbon dioxide/nitrogen and oxygen/nitrogen selectivities. In terms of morphology, it is found that in situ zirconium alkoxide hydrolysis enables the preparation of homogeneous membranes that present a good adhesion between inorganic domains and the polymer matrix. |
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