Compact gasoline fuel processor for passenger vehicle APU |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Combustion Engines RWTH Aachen, Schinkelstraße 8, 52062 Aachen, Germany;2. FEV Motorentechnik GmbH, Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Environment, P.O. Box 31746-118, Karaj, Iran;2. Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), P.O. Box 14665-1998, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Technology, University of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran;1. Key Lab. for Power Machinery and Engineering of M. O. E., Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, PR China;2. Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Energy Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland;1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38# Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China |
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| Abstract: | Due to the increasing demand for electrical power in today's passenger vehicles, and with the requirements regarding fuel consumption and environmental sustainability tightening, a fuel cell-based auxiliary power unit (APU) becomes a promising alternative to the conventional generation of electrical energy via internal combustion engine, generator and battery. It is obvious that the on-board stored fuel has to be used for the fuel cell system, thus, gasoline or diesel has to be reformed on board. This makes the auxiliary power unit a complex integrated system of stack, air supply, fuel processor, electrics as well as heat and water management. Aside from proving the technical feasibility of such a system, the development has to address three major barriers:start-up time, costs, and size/weight of the systems. In this paper a packaging concept for an auxiliary power unit is presented. The main emphasis is placed on the fuel processor, as good packaging of this large subsystem has the strongest impact on overall size.The fuel processor system consists of an autothermal reformer in combination with water–gas shift and selective oxidation stages, based on adiabatic reactors with inter-cooling. The configuration was realized in a laboratory set-up and experimentally investigated. The results gained from this confirm a general suitability for mobile applications. A start-up time of 30 min was measured, while a potential reduction to 10 min seems feasible. An overall fuel processor efficiency of about 77% was measured. On the basis of the know-how gained by the experimental investigation of the laboratory set-up a packaging concept was developed. Using state-of-the-art catalyst and heat exchanger technology, the volumes of these components are fixed. However, the overall volume is higher mainly due to mixing zones and flow ducts, which do not contribute to the chemical or thermal function of the system. Thus, the concept developed mainly focuses on minimization of those component volumes. Therefore, the packaging utilizes rectangular catalyst bricks and integrates flow ducts into the heat exchangers. A concept is presented with a 25 l fuel processor volume including thermal isolation for a 3 kWel auxiliary power unit. The overall size of the system, i.e. including stack, air supply and auxiliaries can be estimated to 44 l. |
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