卵形鲳鲹加工副产物中明胶的提取工艺及性质研究

采用酸碱法,通过单因素及正交试验确定了卵形鲳鲹加工副产物中明胶的提取工艺,并对最佳工艺条件下提取的明胶产品进行凝胶强度、黏度、光谱特性、分子量分布及氨基酸组成等理化性质测定。结果表明:卵形鲳鲹加工副产物中提取明胶的最佳工艺条件为NaOH浓度0.8%、NaOH时间处理2h、HCl浓度0.4%、HCl处理时间1h,在最佳工艺条件下明胶得率为45.41%。明胶产品凝胶强度约为185g;黏度约为3mPa.s;紫外光谱分析发现在波长235nm处出现特征吸收峰;红外光谱扫描显示,明胶产品具有明胶的酰胺A、酰胺B、酰胺Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ等特征吸收峰带;SDS-PAGE电泳图谱出现3条明显的a1、a2、β特征条带;氨基酸组成中,明胶的主要组成氨基酸甘氨酸含量最高,达到5.452%,胶原蛋白的特征氨基酸脯氨酸的含量相对较高,为2.864%。

Study on extraction technology and properties of gelatin from the byproducts in Trachinotus ovatus processing

Using acid-alkali method single factor and orthogonal test,the extraction technology of gelatin from the by-products in the Trachinotus ovatus processing was determined,and the intensity,viscosity,spectral character,MWD and amino acid composition of the gelatin extracted under optimum process conditions were measured.Results showed that the optimum process conditions for extracting gelatin from by-products of Trachinotus ovatus processing were as follows:NaOH concentration was 0.8%(w/v),NaOH soaking time 2 h,HCl concentration was 0.4%,HCl soaking time 1 h.The yield of gelatin under optimum process conditions was about 45.41%.The gelatin product gel intensity was about 185g;the gel viscosity was about 3mPa·s;UV spectral analysis showed that absorbance peak appeared at 235nm;FTIR spectra scanning showed characteristic absorption peaks of amide A,amide B,amideⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,etc;SDS-PAGE electrophoresis spectrum showed 3 distinct a1、a2、βcharacteristic bands;In amino acid composition,the main amino acid glycine content of gelatin was the highest,reaching 5.452%,and the content of amino acid proline is relatively high,reaching 2.864%.