采收月份对肉桂叶出油率及挥发油品质的影响研究

目的:以肉桂叶挥发油主要成分肉桂醛的含量及其抑菌活性作为衡量肉桂叶挥发油品质的两个指标,比较不同采收月份肉桂叶出油率及挥发油品质的差异。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂叶挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱技术比较分析其化学成分,用归一化法测定其相对百分含量,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定MIC评价各肉桂叶挥发油对常见的3种致病菌的抑菌活性。结果:10月份采收的肉桂叶挥发油含量最高(1.51%),6月份采收的肉桂叶挥发油含量最低(0.42%)。12份肉桂叶挥发油共鉴定出32种组分,共有组分为反式肉桂醛(21.37%~86.46%)、邻甲氧基肉桂醛(1.08%~12.46%)、苯甲醛(0.16%~2.40%)、顺式肉桂醛(0.18%~0.82%)。除7月份采收的肉桂叶挥发油外,反式肉桂醛均为挥发油中含量最高的组分,7月肉桂叶挥发油中含量最高的组分为乙酸肉桂酯(47.06%)。12份肉桂叶挥发油对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好,对绿脓杆菌的抑菌效果最弱。其中5月采收的肉桂叶挥发油对3种供试菌的抑制作用最好。结论:肉桂叶的采收月份宜在春季3月下旬至5月上旬和秋季9月下旬至11月上旬。

Oil yield of cinnamon leaves and quality of its volatile oils from different collection months

Objective :The differences of oil yield of cinnamon leaves and quality of its volatile oils from different collection months were compared, by selecting the content of cinnamaldehyde, the main component of cinnamon leaves volatile oil, and antimicrobial activity of its volatile oils as two indexes. Methods :Volatile oil of cinnamon leaves from different collection months were respectively extracted by steam distillation, the chemical components were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The antimicrobial effect of each volatile oil of cinnamon leaves on three common pathogens of respiratory tract were evaluated by broth micro dilution method determination of MIC. Results :The highest oil yield was from the cinnamon leaves collected in October(1.51%), the lowest was collected in June(0.42%). A total of 32 compounds were identified in the twelve volatile oil of cinnamon leaves. The common components were trans-cinnamaldehyde(21.37% ~ 86.46%), o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde(1.08% ~ 12.46%), benzaldehyde(0.16% ~ 2.40%) and cis-cinnamaldehyde(0.18% ~ 0.82%). Trans-cinnamaldehyde was the most abundant component in the volatile oil of cinnamon leaves except collected in July. Cinnamyl acetate(47.06%) was the most abundant component in the volatile oil of cinnamon leaves collected in July. 12 samples of volatile oil had the best antimicrobial effect on Escherichia coli and the weakest on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among them, the volatile oil from cinnamon leaves collected in May had the best antimicrobial effect on the three tested bacteria. Conclusion :The collection months of cinnamon leaves should be from late March to early May in spring and from late September to early November in autumn.