新型Gemini非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以无水葡萄糖、乙二醇为原料,以马来酸酐为连接基团与月桂酸经酯化反应合成新型的Gemini非离子型表面活性剂,得出反应的较佳工艺条件为:催化剂为葡萄糖质量的1.5%,乙二醇与葡萄糖投料比为3∶1,125℃下糖苷化反应1.5h,得到产物乙二醇葡萄糖苷;催化剂用量为反应物总量的0.5%,乙二醇葡糖苷与马来酸酐投料比为2.5∶1,135℃下进行开环反应8h,得到反应中间体乙二醇苷马来酸双酯;乙二醇苷马来酸双酯与月桂酸投料比1.5∶1,140℃下反应6h得到目标产物.产物结构用红外光谱和核磁共振谱确证.结果表明:该表面活性剂的表面张力为23.60mN/m(20℃),临界胶束浓度为5.77×10-3mol/L,显示出良好的表面活性,是一种较为理想的表面活性剂.

Synthesis and properties of a new nonionic Gemini nonionic surfactant

A new Gemini nonionic surfactant was prepared,taking anhydrous glucose,glycol,maleic anhydride,lauric acid as main material,and the reaction carried out by three steps.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: it had reacted for 1.5 h,the temperature was 125 ℃,the molar ratio of anhydrous glucose/glycol was 3∶1,the amount of catalyst was 1.5% in the first step.The conditions of the second step reaction were the reaction temperature 135 ℃,the mole ratio of glycol glucoside/maleic anhydride 2.5∶1,the amount of catalyst 0.5% and 4 h of reaction time.In the last step,effects on the reaction of factors such as reaction time,catalyst dosage and reaction temperature were investigated,and reaction conditions were determined: mole ratio of glycol glucoside maleic anhydride ester to lauric acid was 1.5∶1,and the temperature and time were 140 ℃ and 6 h.The product structure is characterized by IR and 13C-NMR.Besides,the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and the corresponding surface tension of the target product were measured to be 5.77×10-3 mol/L and 23.60 mN/m(20 ℃),respectively.The performance test results show good surface activity.