Fabrication of antennae-like nanoheterostructure attached by porphyrin for increased photocatalytic hydrogen generation and electron transfer mechanism

In order to obtain a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution, an excellent photo active molecule, tetra (p-carboxylphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) was introduced and orientedly attached on an antennae-like Cu₂O/NiO heterostructure. Subsequently, heterogeneous Cu₂O/NiO/TCPP nanocomposites were achieved. Assembly mechanism of the nanocomposites was investigated in detail. The results showed that, by coordination interaction and hydrogen bond, TCPP molecules can be strongly assembled onto the NiO-riveted Cu₂O. Because of strong interaction among Cu₂O, NiO and TCPP, and the enhanced light absorption, quick transfer of more photo-generated electrons can be achieved. Furthermore, the nanocomposite displayed a higher photocatalytic activity compared with other contrast materials (Cu₂O/NiO/NiTCPP, Cu₂O/NiO, Cu₂O et al.). It was attributed to the improved separation of charges as well as light absorption, which was originated from the well-matched band structure and special heterogeneous interface. This study will open up new perspectives for the fabrication and application of heterojunction photocatalysts.