A unique study on the effect of dissolved gases and bubble temperatures on the ultrasonic hydrogen (sonohydrogen) production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar – Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria;2. Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3, P.O. Box 72, 25000, Constantine, Algeria;3. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada;2. Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology, A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada;3. Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada;1. Departamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carr. México-Toluca S/n La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, Mexico;2. Departamento de Química, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carr. México-Toluca S/n La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, Mexico;3. Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Apdo. Postal 55-534, CDMX, Mexico;4. Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, CP 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico;5. Departamento de Tecnología de Materiales, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carr. México-Toluca S/n La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, Mexico;1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar – Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria;2. Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Salah Boubnider-Constantine 3, P.O. Box 72, Constantine 25000, Algeria;3. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;1. School of Chemistry Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, PR China;1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar – Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering Process, University of Constantine 3, 25000 Constantine, Algeria;3. Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Materials Technology, University of Oum El-Bouaghi, P.O. Box 358, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria |
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| Abstract: | Producing hydrogen via sound waves offers a tremendous opportunity for generating an energy carrier in an environmentally-friendly manner. The open literature lacks research studies concerning the effect of the dissolved gases on the ultrasonic hydrogen production process (sonohydrogen). Therefore, in this work, the effect of diluting different dissolved gases on the performance of the sonohydrogen process is studied. The present reaction kinetics mechanism consists of 19 reversible chemical reactions taking place inside the acoustic cavitation micro-bubble and is solved computationally. The results reveal that the dissolved gases have a significant effect on the chemical mechanism of the water vapor dissociation. The present study shows that using carbon dioxide as a dissolved gas within the sonohydrogen process enhances the hydrogen production rate. Two different bubble compositions are investigated; H2O/O2 and H2O/CO2 bubbles. In the case of the H2O/O2 bubble, the energy efficiency is calculated, and its value ranges between 1.05 and 1.63 μmol/kWh, depending on the bubble's temperature. However, in the case of the H2O/CO2 bubble, the hydrogen production shows a considerable improvement with energy efficiency in the range 22.26–34.98 μmol/kWh. This is due to the lower thermal conductivity, higher heat capacity, and lower thermal diffusivity of the composition of water vapor and carbon dioxide. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen Energy Efficiency Ultrasonic hydrogen production Sonohydrogen |
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