A perspective on the fabrication of heterogeneous photocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 57000, Pakistan;2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;3. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India;2. Dept. of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China;2. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia;2. Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand;1. Membrane Development Section, Chemical Engineering Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India;2. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India;3. Powder Metallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Vashi Complex, Navi Mumbai, 400705, India;4. Chemical Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India;5. Glass & Advance Materials Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India;6. Heavy Water Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India;1. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Av. Colombo, 5790 – Bloco D-90, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil;2. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert, s/n - Prédio 12204, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-040, Brazil;3. Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | This perspective provides an insight to the possibility of adopting hydrogen as a key energy-carrier and fuel source, through Photocatalytic water splitting in the near future. The need of green and clean energy is increasing to overcome the growing demand of sustainable energy throughout globe, owing to CO2 emission using fossil fuels. To generate highly efficient and cost-competitive hydrogen, the semiconductor based heterojunction nanomaterials have gained tremendous consideration as a promising way. Currently, the efficiency for hydrogen generation through UV–Vis active photocatalysts is relatively low. The key issues are found to be poor separation of photogenerated electron/hole, less surface area, and low absorption region of electromagnetic spectrum. Such issues arise due to inappropriate band edge potentials and large bandgap of present catalyst. A lot of schemes has been devoted to design and fabricate efficient photocatalysts for improved photocatalytic performance in recent years. However, it seems still a challenge and imperative to greatly comprehend the fundamental aspects, photocatalysis and transfer mechanisms for complete deployment of electron/hole pairs. Further, to produce hydrogen to a larger extent through photocatalytic water splitting, the photocatalyst has been modified through co-catalysts/dopants using numerous techniques including the Z-scheme, hybridization, crystallinity, morphology, tuning of band edge positions, reduction of the band gap, surface structure etc., such that these heterogeneous photocatalysts may have ability to absorb enough light in the UV-VIS-IR region. This type of heterogeneous photocatalysts has the ability to improve the rate of efficiency for hydrogen evolution through absorption of sufficient light of solar spectrum and enhance the separation of charge-carriers by inhibiting recombination of electron/hole pairs. We surmise that taking into account the aforesaid factors should support in scheming an efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen production through water splitting, eventually prompting technological developments in this field. |
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| Keywords: | Photocatalysis Heterojunction photocatalyst Z-scheme |
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