Fabrication and characterization of Ni modified TiO2 electrode as anode material for direct methanol fuel cell |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Şırnak University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Turkey;2. Şırnak University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Turkey;3. Şırnak University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, 73000, Şırnak, Turkey;1. Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico;2. Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan Del Río, 76800, San Juan Del Río, Querétaro, Mexico;3. Instituto Tecnológico de San Juan Del Río, Av. Tecnológico # 2, C.P. 76800, San Juan Del Río, Querétaro, Mexico;4. CONACYT – Universidad Tecnológica de San Juan Del Río, 76800, San Juan Del Río, Querétaro, Mexico;5. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro S/N Sanfandila, C.P. 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico;6. Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ingeniería, Campus Amealco, 76850, Amealco, Querétaro, Mexico;1. Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran;1. Bingöl University, Science and Letters Faculty, Chemistry Department, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey;2. Bingöl University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health and Safety Department, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey;1. Department of Renewable Energies, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. Nanoenergy Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Highly ordered porous titanium dioxide nanotube (TiO2-NT) surfaces were prepared with anodization method to obtain a larger specific surface area that plays a very important role in methanol oxidation. In this regard, optimum conditions such as various anodization voltages and times were determined. The largest surface area of TiO2 occurred at anodization voltage and time of 60 V and 2 h, respectively. After obtaining the high specific surface area, very small amounts of Nickel (Ni) nanoparticles were deposited on TiO2-NT surface and their behaviors of methanol electro-oxidation were investigated by Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. Characterizations of the TiO2-NT and Ni modified electrodes are exerted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average tube length and diameter are 36.32 μm and 93.6 nm according to SEM images. XRD results indicated the tetragonal structured anatase of TiO2 and Ni (111) and (200). While methanol oxidation peak does not observe on TiO2-NT surface, behaviors of methanol oxidation depend on the Ni content on TiO2-NT surface. Oxidation response increases by the increasing amount of Ni nano-particles in the deposits. High surface coverage (Γ) with 3.87 × 10−9 mol cm−2 and very low activation energy (Ea) with 11.0 kJ/mol are measured on Ni modified TiO2-NT with the highest Ni content. Charge transfer resistance either reduced or provided long stability and durability with the deposition of Ni on TiO2-NT. This may associate that TiO2-NTs with the large surface areas may play a significant role in the methanol oxidation efficiency. Modification of TiO2-NT surface with Ni particles is an effective plan for high-performance electrocatalysis. Besides, the strong electronic interaction between Ni and TiO2 may facilitate the adsorption of methanol through the bi-functional mechanism on the electrode surface. |
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| Keywords: | Methanol electro-oxidation Electrocatalysis |
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